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You have 200 images to resize. The resize API is fast, but it throttles at 10 concurrent requests. If you throw Promise.all(images.map(resize)) at it, you'll blast all 200 simultaneously, collect a pile of 429s, and watch your retry logic.

You've run git commit thousands of times. But have you ever wondered what actually happens when you do? Git isn't a file-syncing tool with version numbers bolted on.

Call fib(45) naively and JavaScript will make over a billion recursive calls. Call it twice and you double that. Your CPU fan kicks on, the browser tab freezes, and the function you thought was fast becomes your performance bottleneck.

Docker containers aren't tiny VMs. They're Linux processes wrapped in namespaces, cgroups, and OverlayFS — here's how the kernel primitives actually fit together.